# Turjuman

> A multilingual essay archive. Each piece is written once and then translated carefully into many languages; every translation is a complete, independently readable article with its own address, and all of them share one underlying work.

Published articles: 1. Languages in use: 12. Languages offered: 98.

## How the site is addressed

Every public URL begins with a language code: `/{language}/{article-slug}`. A language a given article has not been translated into returns 404 rather than falling back to another language, so any page you find is genuinely written in the language its URL claims.

## Entry points

- [English home](https://al-turjuman.com/en)
- [All articles](https://al-turjuman.com/en/articles)
- [Series — multi-part works](https://al-turjuman.com/en/series)
- [Authors](https://al-turjuman.com/en/authors)
- [Sitemap index](https://al-turjuman.com/sitemap.xml)

## Languages

- [Arabic — العربية](https://al-turjuman.com/ar)
- [English — English](https://al-turjuman.com/en)
- [French — Français](https://al-turjuman.com/fr)
- [Spanish — Español](https://al-turjuman.com/es)
- [German — Deutsch](https://al-turjuman.com/de)
- [Italian — Italiano](https://al-turjuman.com/it)
- [Portuguese — Português](https://al-turjuman.com/pt)
- [Russian — Русский](https://al-turjuman.com/ru)
- [Turkish — Türkçe](https://al-turjuman.com/tr)
- [Persian — فارسی](https://al-turjuman.com/fa)
- [Urdu — اردو](https://al-turjuman.com/ur)
- [Hebrew — עברית](https://al-turjuman.com/he)
- [Hindi — हिन्दी](https://al-turjuman.com/hi)
- [Bengali — বাংলা](https://al-turjuman.com/bn)
- [Indonesian — Bahasa Indonesia](https://al-turjuman.com/id)
- [Malay — Bahasa Melayu](https://al-turjuman.com/ms)
- [Chinese (Simplified) — 简体中文](https://al-turjuman.com/zh)
- [Chinese (Traditional) — 繁體中文](https://al-turjuman.com/zh-TW)
- [Japanese — 日本語](https://al-turjuman.com/ja)
- [Korean — 한국어](https://al-turjuman.com/ko)
- [Vietnamese — Tiếng Việt](https://al-turjuman.com/vi)
- [Thai — ไทย](https://al-turjuman.com/th)
- [Dutch — Nederlands](https://al-turjuman.com/nl)
- [Swedish — Svenska](https://al-turjuman.com/sv)
- [Norwegian — Norsk](https://al-turjuman.com/no)
- [Danish — Dansk](https://al-turjuman.com/da)
- [Finnish — Suomi](https://al-turjuman.com/fi)
- [Polish — Polski](https://al-turjuman.com/pl)
- [Czech — Čeština](https://al-turjuman.com/cs)
- [Slovak — Slovenčina](https://al-turjuman.com/sk)
- [Hungarian — Magyar](https://al-turjuman.com/hu)
- [Romanian — Română](https://al-turjuman.com/ro)
- [Bulgarian — Български](https://al-turjuman.com/bg)
- [Greek — Ελληνικά](https://al-turjuman.com/el)
- [Ukrainian — Українська](https://al-turjuman.com/uk)
- [Serbian — Српски](https://al-turjuman.com/sr)
- [Croatian — Hrvatski](https://al-turjuman.com/hr)
- [Slovenian — Slovenščina](https://al-turjuman.com/sl)
- [Lithuanian — Lietuvių](https://al-turjuman.com/lt)
- [Latvian — Latviešu](https://al-turjuman.com/lv)
- [Estonian — Eesti](https://al-turjuman.com/et)
- [Catalan — Català](https://al-turjuman.com/ca)
- [Basque — Euskara](https://al-turjuman.com/eu)
- [Galician — Galego](https://al-turjuman.com/gl)
- [Irish — Gaeilge](https://al-turjuman.com/ga)
- [Welsh — Cymraeg](https://al-turjuman.com/cy)
- [Icelandic — Íslenska](https://al-turjuman.com/is)
- [Albanian — Shqip](https://al-turjuman.com/sq)
- [Armenian — Հայերեն](https://al-turjuman.com/hy)
- [Georgian — ქართული](https://al-turjuman.com/ka)
- [Azerbaijani — Azərbaycanca](https://al-turjuman.com/az)
- [Kazakh — Қазақша](https://al-turjuman.com/kk)
- [Uzbek — Oʻzbekcha](https://al-turjuman.com/uz)
- [Kyrgyz — Кыргызча](https://al-turjuman.com/ky)
- [Tajik — Тоҷикӣ](https://al-turjuman.com/tg)
- [Pashto — پښتو](https://al-turjuman.com/ps)
- [Kurdish — Kurdî](https://al-turjuman.com/ku)
- [Sindhi — سنڌي](https://al-turjuman.com/sd)
- [Tamil — தமிழ்](https://al-turjuman.com/ta)
- [Telugu — తెలుగు](https://al-turjuman.com/te)
- [Malayalam — മലയാളം](https://al-turjuman.com/ml)
- [Kannada — ಕನ್ನಡ](https://al-turjuman.com/kn)
- [Marathi — मराठी](https://al-turjuman.com/mr)
- [Gujarati — ગુજરાતી](https://al-turjuman.com/gu)
- [Punjabi — ਪੰਜਾਬੀ](https://al-turjuman.com/pa)
- [Nepali — नेपाली](https://al-turjuman.com/ne)
- [Sinhala — සිංහල](https://al-turjuman.com/si)
- [Burmese — မြန်မာ](https://al-turjuman.com/my)
- [Khmer — ខ្មែរ](https://al-turjuman.com/km)
- [Lao — ລາວ](https://al-turjuman.com/lo)
- [Amharic — አማርኛ](https://al-turjuman.com/am)
- [Tigrinya — ትግርኛ](https://al-turjuman.com/ti)
- [Somali — Soomaali](https://al-turjuman.com/so)
- [Swahili — Kiswahili](https://al-turjuman.com/sw)
- [Hausa — Hausa](https://al-turjuman.com/ha)
- [Yoruba — Yorùbá](https://al-turjuman.com/yo)
- [Igbo — Igbo](https://al-turjuman.com/ig)
- [Zulu — isiZulu](https://al-turjuman.com/zu)
- [Afrikaans — Afrikaans](https://al-turjuman.com/af)
- [Malagasy — Malagasy](https://al-turjuman.com/mg)
- [Filipino — Filipino](https://al-turjuman.com/tl)
- [Javanese — Basa Jawa](https://al-turjuman.com/jv)
- [Mongolian — Монгол](https://al-turjuman.com/mn)
- [Tibetan — བོད་སྐད](https://al-turjuman.com/bo)
- [Uyghur — ئۇيغۇرچە](https://al-turjuman.com/ug)
- [Yiddish — ייִדיש](https://al-turjuman.com/yi)
- [Maltese — Malti](https://al-turjuman.com/mt)
- [Macedonian — Македонски](https://al-turjuman.com/mk)
- [Bosnian — Bosanski](https://al-turjuman.com/bs)
- [Belarusian — Беларуская](https://al-turjuman.com/be)
- [Luxembourgish — Lëtzebuergesch](https://al-turjuman.com/lb)
- [Faroese — Føroyskt](https://al-turjuman.com/fo)
- [Esperanto — Esperanto](https://al-turjuman.com/eo)
- [Latin — Latina](https://al-turjuman.com/la)
- [Haitian Creole — Kreyòl Ayisyen](https://al-turjuman.com/ht)
- [Quechua — Runa Simi](https://al-turjuman.com/qu)
- [Guarani — Avañeʼẽ](https://al-turjuman.com/gn)
- [Dhivehi — ދިވެހި](https://al-turjuman.com/dv)